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From: Selvakumar <selvakumar@powerprojectsindia.com>
Subject: Case Study #2: Insulation Coordination for 220kV GIS at Refinery
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</tr></table></td></tr></table><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" b=
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<tr><td align=3D"left" valign=3D"top" class=3D"mobile-padding-small" bgcolo=
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; color: #222228; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px;"><b>
    How do you protect a 220kV GIS system from dangerous overvoltage's?
</b></p><p style=3D"padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; font-family: 'IBM P=
lex Sans'; color: #222228; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">
    Here=E2=80=99s how we helped a major refinery project in Gujarat ensure=
 <strong data-start=3D"564" data-end=3D"610">insulation safety and equipmen=
t protection</strong> at their new 220/33kV GIS substation.<br>
</p><span style=3D"display: inline-block; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0; v=
ertical-align: top;"><img border=3D"0" width=3D"520" class=3D"mobile-image"=
 src=3D"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/contents.newzenler.com/13107/lib=
rary/pexels-life-of-pix-239167e64a1d96059_lg.jpg" style=3D"margin: 0px; pad=
ding: 0px; max-width: 100%; border: none; vertical-align: top; width: 520px=
; border-radius: 4px;"></span><p style=3D"padding: 0px; margin: 10px 0px; f=
ont-family: 'IBM Plex Sans'; color: #222228; font-size: 16px; line-height: =
24px;">High-voltage substations in brownfield industrial sites face serious=
 overvoltage risks from faults, switching, and lightning. Without proper in=
sulation coordination, even a single surge can threaten plant safety.<br></=
p><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" border=3D"0" width=3D"100%" cl=
ass=3D"spacer" style=3D"width: 100%;"><tr><td align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"=
 style=3D"vertical-align: top; line-height: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: =
10px; height: 10px;">&nbsp;</td></tr></table><table cellpadding=3D"0" cells=
pacing=3D"0" border=3D"0" width=3D"100%" class=3D"divider" style=3D"width: =
100%;"><tr><td align=3D"left" valign=3D"top" bgcolor=3D"#111118" style=3D"v=
ertical-align: top; line-height: 1px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1px; backgro=
und-color: #111118;">&nbsp;</td></tr></table><p style=3D"padding: 0px; marg=
in: 20px 0px 10px; font-family: 'IBM Plex Sans'; color: #c92a2a; font-size:=
 18px; line-height: 27px;"><b>1. Challenge=E2=80=99s they faced:
</b></p><p style=3D"padding: 0px; margin: 10px 0px; font-family: 'IBM Plex =
Sans'; color: #222228; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">
    This brownfield integration project required reliable insulation coordi=
nation for a new 220kV GIS extension. The site had to ensure:
</p><p style=3D"padding: 0px; margin: 10px 0px; font-family: 'IBM Plex Sans=
'; color: #222228; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">
    =F0=9F=94=B8<strong data-start=3D"809" data-end=3D"860">Protection agai=
nst Temporary Over voltages (TOV)</strong>&nbsp;=E2=80=93 caused by Ferrant=
i effect, load rejection, and fault conditions.<br>
    <strong data-start=3D"932" data-end=3D"974">=F0=9F=94=B8Switching Overv=
oltage (SFO) Management</strong>&nbsp;=E2=80=93 arising from transformer en=
ergization and circuit breaker operations.<br>
    =F0=9F=94=B8<strong data-start=3D"1051" data-end=3D"1081">Lightning Pro=
tection (FFO)</strong>&nbsp;=E2=80=93 due to direct strokes and backflashov=
ers from the 30 km 220kV transmission line.
</p><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" border=3D"0" width=3D"100%" =
class=3D"spacer" style=3D"width: 100%;"><tr><td align=3D"left" valign=3D"to=
p" style=3D"vertical-align: top; line-height: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size=
: 10px; height: 10px;">&nbsp;</td></tr></table><table cellpadding=3D"0" cel=
lspacing=3D"0" border=3D"0" width=3D"100%" class=3D"divider" style=3D"width=
: 100%;"><tr><td align=3D"left" valign=3D"top" bgcolor=3D"#111118" style=3D=
"vertical-align: top; line-height: 1px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1px; backg=
round-color: #111118;">&nbsp;</td></tr></table><p style=3D"padding: 0px; ma=
rgin: 20px 0px 10px; font-family: 'IBM Plex Sans'; color: #c92a2a; font-siz=
e: 18px; line-height: 27px;"><b>2. <b>Solution</b>
</b></p><p style=3D"padding: 0px; margin: 10px 0px; font-family: 'IBM Plex =
Sans'; color: #222228; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">We conducted a&=
nbsp;<strong data-start=3D"1205" data-end=3D"1252">comprehensive insulation=
 coordination study</strong>&nbsp;using PSCAD, focusing on:</p><p style=3D"=
padding: 0px; margin: 10px 0px; font-family: 'IBM Plex Sans'; color: #22222=
8; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">
    =F0=9F=94=B8<strong data-start=3D"809" data-end=3D"860"></strong><stron=
g data-start=3D"1283" data-end=3D"1301">TOV Simulation</strong>&nbsp;=E2=80=
=93 Analyzed Ferranti effect, load rejection, LG/LLG faults with cables and=
 long transmission lines in service.<br>
    <strong data-start=3D"932" data-end=3D"974">=F0=9F=94=B8</strong><stron=
g data-start=3D"1416" data-end=3D"1450">Transformer Energization Study</str=
ong>&nbsp;=E2=80=93 Verified that the 220/33kV, 115/140 MVA transformer=E2=
=80=99s peak overvoltage was well within insulation and surge arrester limi=
ts.<br>
    =F0=9F=94=B8<strong data-start=3D"1051" data-end=3D"1081"></strong><str=
ong data-start=3D"1582" data-end=3D"1614">Fast Front Overvoltage Study</str=
ong>&nbsp;=E2=80=93 Evaluated backflashovers and direct strikes; ensured pr=
oper surge protection using&nbsp;<strong data-start=3D"1700" data-end=3D"17=
21">Class 3 arresters</strong>&nbsp;and verified&nbsp;<strong data-start=3D=
"1735" data-end=3D"1762">protection margins &gt;1.2</strong>
</p><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" border=3D"0" width=3D"100%" =
class=3D"spacer" style=3D"width: 100%;"><tr><td align=3D"left" valign=3D"to=
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: 10px; height: 10px;">&nbsp;</td></tr></table><table cellpadding=3D"0" cel=
lspacing=3D"0" border=3D"0" width=3D"100%" class=3D"divider" style=3D"width=
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t: 24px;">
    Softwares we used for analysis
</p></td></tr></table><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" border=3D"=
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    Do you find this useful?
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