Return-Path: Delivered-To: shishir@banglamarkgroup.com Received: from server2.www.flokoin.com by server2.www.flokoin.com with LMTP id CI9GBK31DWkDRS4AB2Lfrw (envelope-from ) for ; Fri, 07 Nov 2025 13:35:41 +0000 Return-path: Envelope-to: shishir@banglamarkgroup.com Delivery-date: Fri, 07 Nov 2025 13:35:41 +0000 Received: from o1678952x239.outbound-mail.sendgrid.net ([167.89.52.239]:41712) by server2.www.flokoin.com with esmtps (TLS1.3) tls TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (Exim 4.98.2) (envelope-from ) id 1vHMct-0000000CkX8-3RxF for shishir@banglamarkgroup.com; Fri, 07 Nov 2025 13:35:40 +0000 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=newzenler.com; h=list-unsubscribe:list-unsubscribe-post:list-id:from:subject: content-transfer-encoding:date:mime-version:reply-to:to:content-type:cc:content-type:date:from: subject:to; s=s1; bh=VO7WuCoFJ0MlLB1uwWLh/edBZrn/1sRoWpd67EFhYZs=; b=dIk0kVZ260Bkz19TC0K5nO5U8KaE4uHrC1kl568mIS4beMAJL+pJHyn/dVlornzmALwi jyqCWEnukrin0by/ZxpQ3DVq4ihSvbg49nQsMVDCo59TFOYKjZG2YN8WV7uTtNTZukhrRi XwliCpC09LavVA1bxAqC93A2vNYa1sQehCt/E86bg84FTvZl3gvB7qq+omNMbyQldk2A8y OOl6Bq7N7QhtKQjPUtGYuObu7nR09nfWULVB7ektNh+TCEWizunuDZdh35+z7g0PHCzFii UcPl3lqTVS5WnEKBpXcpG29SjIS1SHILE+v/UWNSQ1/P+lf8kHVBmi+lh5QGV40w== Received: by recvd-558795cbcf-jfhqs with SMTP id recvd-558795cbcf-jfhqs-1-690DF582-1D 2025-11-07 13:34:58.48561497 +0000 UTC m=+311872.761828384 Received: from ip-10-116-5-81.ec2.internal (unknown) by geopod-ismtpd-1 (SG) with ESMTP id L2-8C1B4T1CSIS7RNidYLA for ; Fri, 07 Nov 2025 13:34:58.448 +0000 (UTC) List-Unsubscribe: =?us-ascii?Q?=3Chttps=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Epowerprojectstraining=2Ecom=2Fmail=2Funsubscribe=2FeyJhbG?= =?us-ascii?Q?ciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9=2EeyJ1c2Vy?= =?us-ascii?Q?X2lkIjoiMTMxMDcuNjdkNGZiNTNiMWQ3YyIsImV?= =?us-ascii?Q?tYWlsX3NlbmRfaWQiOiI2OGU1ODAxY2JjYzIxZW?= =?us-ascii?Q?JiMzkwM2MzNDIiLCJjYXRlZ29yeSI6MSwiY2F0Z?= =?us-ascii?Q?WdvcnlfaWQiOiIiLCJzY2hvb2xfdXJsIjoiaHR0?= =?us-ascii?Q?cHM6Ly93d3cucG93ZXJwcm9qZWN0c3RyYWluaW5?= =?us-ascii?Q?nLmNvbSIsInNjaG9vbF9pZCI6MTMxMDcsImlhdC?= =?us-ascii?Q?I6MTc2MjUyMjQ5OH0=2EpjHEu=5FzJAzFTFm77=5FhxKx?= =?us-ascii?Q?Z6mH6-oxGYuVmDokV06mC0=3E=2C?= List-Unsubscribe-Post: List-Unsubscribe=One-Click List-ID: the 'https://www.powerprojectstraining.com' via Email Broadcasting From: Selvakumar Subject: How to model switching overvoltages the right way in PSCAD Message-ID: <87c26a5d-de2c-7937-2fd2-229a417f015c@powerprojectsindia.com> Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Date: Fri, 07 Nov 2025 13:34:58 +0000 (UTC) MIME-Version: 1.0 Reply-To: selvakumar@powerprojectsindia.com X-SG-EID: =?us-ascii?Q?u001=2EcKjL+JRDAQ6syzs3DUgW7jzKWwJ7mAeyrSA21MGpnu6x6pVoBTwfoYzm0?= =?us-ascii?Q?79yZnSzo58o8hou7BLMnruxQNe0zgx0gP=2FSEJST?= =?us-ascii?Q?JUOK2TCEv+0PTTwtzA5UPcJhdfBFN3qLmuoa+YD?= =?us-ascii?Q?u53F4u9RbDrCF6vUzwzQzDfOkGqlNknZGim4nPo?= =?us-ascii?Q?eedi5vNk5pN=2F8WV1YW0NOL=2FFV28UKaIbvGuOerG?= =?us-ascii?Q?JQjzqwvvColUjQpYBJHv8KeH8qGGmhefOgtoLQT?= =?us-ascii?Q?SOSnYP2dh0pu4MWmm6TB6lBfUQ=3D=3D?= To: shishir@banglamarkgroup.com X-Entity-ID: u001.sv/2PJNoaDOr/V28MEjImg== Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 X-Spam-Status: No, score=0.1 X-Spam-Score: 1 X-Spam-Bar: / X-Ham-Report: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Spam_detection_software=2C_running_on_the_system_=22server2=2Ewww=2Ef?= =?ISO-8859-1?Q?lokoin=2Ecom=22=2C=0A_has_NOT_identified_this_incomin?= =?ISO-8859-1?Q?g_email_as_spam=2E__The_original=0A_message_has_been_?= =?ISO-8859-1?Q?attached_to_this_so_you_can_view_it_or_label=0A_simil?= =?ISO-8859-1?Q?ar_future_email=2E__If_you_have_any_questions=2C_see=0A_?= =?ISO-8859-1?Q?root=5C=40localhost_for_details=2E=0A_Content_preview?= =?ISO-8859-1?Q?=3A__Text_Hi_Power_Projects=2C_=0A_Content_analysis_d?= =?ISO-8859-1?Q?etails=3A___=280=2E1_points=2C_5=2E0_required=29=0A__?= =?ISO-8859-1?Q?pts_rule_name______________description=0A_----_------?= =?ISO-8859-1?Q?----------------_------------------------------------?= =?ISO-8859-1?Q?--------------=0A__0=2E0_URIBL=5FBLOCKED__________ADM?= =?ISO-8859-1?Q?INISTRATOR_NOTICE=3A_The_query_to_URIBL_was_blocked=2E=0A?= =?ISO-8859-1?Q?_____________________________See=0A__________________?= =?ISO-8859-1?Q?__________ X-Spam-Flag: NO Text
<= /tr>

Hi Power Projects,

Many engineers assume sw= itching studies are only for large utilities or academic research.

= But one wrong assumption here can silently damage transformers, surge arres= ters, and insulation systems.

= <= /table>
 
 
 

S= witching overvoltage=E2=80=99s happen every time a breaker opens or closes.=
The transient may last only a few milliseconds, but its peak can cross= equipment limits if your model isn=E2=80=99t built right.

 

Here=E2=80=99s what most en= gineers miss:

=F0=9F=94=85 Modeling the system only one bus away from the point of = study
=F0=9F=94=85 Ignoring frequency-dependent line parameters
= =F0=9F=94=85 Using simplified transformers without saturation data
= =F0=9F=94=85 Skipping surge arrester VI characteristics and non-linear= behaviour

 
 
Th= ese shortcuts may still give you a =E2=80=9Cresult=E2=80=9D but they= hide the real risk.
For instance, a 200 km transmission line modeled w= ith a simple RLC section showed safe voltages.
But when simulated with = a frequency-dependent model and correct tower geometry, overvoltages shot b= eyond 2.2 per unit =E2=80=94 enough to stress insulation and surge arrester= s.

 
 
&nb= sp;

In PSCA= D, modeling two buses away, using frequency-dependent lines, realistic tran= sformer saturation, and proper boundary equivalents makes all the differenc= e.

Even your choice of time step matters. A 10 microsecond window c= ould be the thin line between safe results and missed resonance.

 
 

When done right, switching studies reveal:

=F0=9F=94=85 True = surge energy on arresters
=F0=9F=94=85 The weakest insulation point= s
=F0=9F=94=85 Resonance zones between line reactors and capacitances=F0=9F=94=85 Whether your system can really survive the worst switchi= ng instant

 
 
 
 

What=E2=80=99s your biggest = difficulty while setting up switching studies in PSCAD?

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