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Subject: Case Study #5: Protection Coordination for a 2x210 MW Thermal Power
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<table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" border=3D"0" width=3D"100%" clas=
s=3D"block" style=3D"width: 100%;"><tr><td align=3D"left" valign=3D"top" st=
yle=3D"vertical-align: top; line-height: 1;"><p style=3D"padding: 0px; marg=
in: 0px 0px 10px; font-family: 'IBM Plex Sans'; color: #222228; font-size: =
18px; line-height: 27px;"><b>How did we helped a 2x210=E2=80=AFMW Thermal P=
ower Plant build a reliable Electrical Design for FGD system?&nbsp;</b><br>=
</p><p style=3D"padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; font-family: 'IBM Plex =
Sans'; color: #222228; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">India has 183 N=
os of existing Coal based thermal power plants with 448 number of units (st=
acks) developed by 72 Nos of developers.&nbsp;<br></p><span style=3D"displa=
y: inline-block; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: top;" clas=
s=3D""><img border=3D"0" width=3D"520" src=3D"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaw=
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yle=3D"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; border: none; vertical-a=
lign: top; width: 520px;"></span><span style=3D"display: inline-block; font=
-size: 0px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: top;"><img border=3D"0" width=
=3D"0" src=3D"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/contents.newzenler.com/131=
07/library/PL-316812f6e33e4f2_lg.jpg" style=3D"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; m=
ax-width: 100%; border: none; vertical-align: top; width: 0px;"></span><p s=
tyle=3D"padding: 0px; margin: 20px 0px; font-family: 'IBM Plex Sans'; color=
: #222228; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">The Ozone Monitoring Instru=
ment (OMI) onboard NASA=E2=80=99s Aura satellite has been providing global =
observations of key atmospheric pollutant gases including sulphur dioxide (=
SO2), since October 2004.&nbsp;<br></p><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=
=3D"0" border=3D"0" width=3D"100%" class=3D"spacer" style=3D"width: 100%;">=
<tr><td align=3D"left" valign=3D"top" style=3D"vertical-align: top; line-he=
ight: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 10px; height: 10px;">&nbsp;</td></tr><=
/table><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" border=3D"0" width=3D"100=
%" class=3D"divider" style=3D"width: 100%;"><tr><td align=3D"left" valign=
=3D"top" bgcolor=3D"#111118" style=3D"vertical-align: top; line-height: 1px=
; padding: 0px; font-size: 1px; background-color: #111118;">&nbsp;</td></tr=
></table><p style=3D"padding: 0px; margin: 20px 0px 10px; font-family: 'IBM=
 Plex Sans'; color: #c92a2a; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px;"><b>Case S=
tudy:</b><br></p><span style=3D"display: inline-block; font-size: 0px; line=
-height: 0; vertical-align: top;"><img border=3D"0" width=3D"520" src=3D"ht=
tps://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/contents.newzenler.com/13107/library/Pictu=
re26839488a700f7_lg.png" style=3D"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100=
%; border: none; vertical-align: top; width: 520px;"></span><p style=3D"pad=
ding: 0px; margin: 20px 0px; font-family: 'IBM Plex Sans'; color: #222228; =
font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">Annual mean SO2 column burden data as =
well as trend in annual mean SO2 column&nbsp;burden data over the Indian re=
gion during the period from 2005 to 2019.<br>FGD systems are critical retro=
fit installations for emission control. Here=E2=80=99s how we helped a flue=
 gas desulphurization (FGD) system at a 2x210 MW coal-based thermal power s=
tation in Maharashtra build a fully coordinated relay protection scheme for=
 its auxiliary network=E2=80=94ensuring safe fault isolation and operationa=
l stability.<br></p><span style=3D"display: inline-block; font-size: 0px; l=
ine-height: 0; vertical-align: top;"><img border=3D"0" width=3D"520" src=3D=
"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/contents.newzenler.com/13107/library/Pi=
cture3683948b5bfb66_lg.png" style=3D"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: =
100%; border: none; vertical-align: top; width: 520px;"></span><table cellp=
adding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" border=3D"0" width=3D"100%" class=3D"spacer"=
 style=3D"width: 100%;"><tr><td align=3D"left" valign=3D"top" style=3D"vert=
ical-align: top; line-height: 20px; padding: 0px; font-size: 20px; height: =
20px;">&nbsp;</td></tr></table><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" b=
order=3D"0" width=3D"100%" class=3D"divider" style=3D"width: 100%;"><tr><td=
 align=3D"left" valign=3D"top" bgcolor=3D"#111118" style=3D"vertical-align:=
 top; line-height: 1px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1px; background-color: #11=
1118;">&nbsp;</td></tr></table><p style=3D"padding: 0px; margin: 20px 0px 1=
0px; font-family: 'IBM Plex Sans'; color: #c92a2a; font-size: 18px; line-he=
ight: 27px;"><b><b>Challenge=E2=80=99s they faced:</b></b><br></p><p style=
=3D"padding: 0px; margin: 20px 0px; font-family: 'IBM Plex Sans'; color: #2=
22228; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">The facility faced operational =
risks across three electrical configurations:&nbsp;<br></p><p style=3D"padd=
ing: 0px; margin: 0px; font-family: 'IBM Plex Sans'; color: #222228; font-s=
ize: 16px; line-height: 24px;">=F0=9F=94=B8Meeting the additional demand wi=
th existing infrastructure&nbsp;<br>=F0=9F=94=B8Increase in short circuit c=
urrent with additional motors&nbsp;<b><br></b><span data-start=3D"1051" dat=
a-end=3D"1081">=F0=9F=94=B8Protection coordination with additional equipmen=
t=E2=80=99s&nbsp;<br>=F0=9F=94=B8Coordination had to be achieved across a n=
etwork of Siemens SIPROTEC relays under both phase and ground fault conditi=
ons.&nbsp;</span></p><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" border=3D"0=
" width=3D"100%" class=3D"spacer" style=3D"width: 100%;"><tr><td align=3D"l=
eft" valign=3D"top" style=3D"vertical-align: top; line-height: 15px; paddin=
g: 0px; font-size: 15px; height: 15px;">&nbsp;</td></tr></table><table cell=
padding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" border=3D"0" width=3D"100%" class=3D"divide=
r" style=3D"width: 100%;"><tr><td align=3D"left" valign=3D"top" bgcolor=3D"=
#111118" style=3D"vertical-align: top; line-height: 1px; padding: 0px; font=
-size: 1px; background-color: #111118;">&nbsp;</td></tr></table><p style=3D=
"padding: 0px; margin: 10px 0px; font-family: 'IBM Plex Sans'; color: #c92a=
2a; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px;"><b><b><b>Solution</b></b></b><br><=
/p><p style=3D"padding: 0px; margin: 20px 0px 10px; font-family: 'IBM Plex =
Sans'; color: #222228; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">We carried out =
a physical measurement of existing load for a week time and performed load =
flow, short circuit and relay coordination studies using ETAP Star 24.0.C:&=
nbsp;<br></p><p style=3D"padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-family: 'IBM Plex =
Sans'; color: #222228; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"><b>=F0=9F=94=B8=
</b>Modelled the entire existing 210 MW with Generator, IPBD, Generator Tra=
nsformer, Unit Auxiliary Transformer, Grid etc&nbsp;<br>=F0=9F=94=B8Added t=
he proposed FGD System with 6.6 kV and 0.415 kV feeders under realistic ope=
rating conditions, including open PMCC bus coupler.&nbsp;<br>=F0=9F=94=B8Ch=
ecked the loading of Unit auxiliary transformer and station transformer usi=
ng load flow and validating with physical measurements&nbsp;<br>=F0=9F=94=
=B8Validated the short circuit current are within the limit of Switchgears&=
nbsp;<br>=F0=9F=94=B8Verified protection settings for all SIPROTEC 7SJ66 an=
d 7SJ64 relays at the HT and LT levels.&nbsp;<br>=F0=9F=94=B8Configured 50,=
 51, 50N, and 51N elements with normal and extremely inverse IEC curves.&nb=
sp;<br>=F0=9F=94=B8Generated TCC plots for each feeder, checking coordinati=
on at 3x, 5x, and 8x fault current multiples.<br>=F0=9F=94=B8Established di=
scrimination margins for critical feeders such as MCC panels, viper mills, =
and sorbent blowers.<br></p><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" bord=
er=3D"0" width=3D"100%" class=3D"spacer" style=3D"width: 100%;"><tr><td ali=
gn=3D"left" valign=3D"top" style=3D"vertical-align: top; line-height: 20px;=
 padding: 0px; font-size: 20px; height: 20px;">&nbsp;</td></tr></table><tab=
le cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" border=3D"0" width=3D"100%" class=3D=
"divider" style=3D"width: 100%;"><tr><td align=3D"left" valign=3D"top" bgco=
lor=3D"#111118" style=3D"vertical-align: top; line-height: 1px; padding: 0p=
x; font-size: 1px; background-color: #111118;">&nbsp;</td></tr></table><p s=
tyle=3D"padding: 0px; margin: 20px 0px 10px; font-family: 'IBM Plex Sans'; =
color: #c92a2a; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px;"><b><b><b><b>As a Resul=
t</b></b></b></b><br></p><p style=3D"padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-family=
: 'IBM Plex Sans'; color: #222228; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"><b>=
=E2=9C=85</b>&nbsp;<b></b>Ensuring the loading of equipment=E2=80=99s are w=
ithin limit.<br><b>=E2=9C=85&nbsp;</b>Ensuring the Voltage drop is within t=
he limit.<br><b>=E2=9C=85&nbsp;</b>Selective fault isolation achieved for a=
ll LV feeders, with fast tripping and no relay overlap.&nbsp;<br>=E2=9C=85<=
b>&nbsp;</b>Sensitive ground fault detection .<br>=E2=9C=85<b>&nbsp;</b>Rel=
iable clearing for fault currents<br><b>=E2=9C=85&nbsp;</b>Relay coordinati=
on achieved even in complex transformer parallel operation.&nbsp;<br>=E2=9C=
=85<b>&nbsp;</b>Final settings ready for field implementation and commissio=
ning.&nbsp;<br></p><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" border=3D"0" =
width=3D"100%" class=3D"spacer" style=3D"width: 100%;"><tr><td align=3D"lef=
t" valign=3D"top" style=3D"vertical-align: top; line-height: 10px; padding:=
 0px; font-size: 10px; height: 10px;">&nbsp;</td></tr></table><p style=3D"p=
adding: 0px; margin: 10px 0px; font-family: 'IBM Plex Sans'; color: #222228=
; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">For critical auxiliaries like FGD sy=
stems in thermal power plants, relay protection is not just a technical for=
mality=E2=80=94it=E2=80=99s your first and last line of defence.&nbsp;</p><=
table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" border=3D"0" width=3D"100%" class=
=3D"spacer" style=3D"width: 100%;"><tr><td align=3D"left" valign=3D"top" st=
yle=3D"vertical-align: top; line-height: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 10p=
x; height: 10px;">&nbsp;</td></tr></table><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspac=
ing=3D"0" border=3D"0" width=3D"100%" class=3D"divider" style=3D"width: 100=
%;"><tr><td align=3D"left" valign=3D"top" bgcolor=3D"#111118" style=3D"vert=
ical-align: top; line-height: 1px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1px; background=
-color: #111118;">&nbsp;</td></tr></table><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspac=
ing=3D"0" border=3D"0" width=3D"100%" class=3D"spacer" style=3D"width: 100%=
;"><tr><td align=3D"left" valign=3D"top" style=3D"vertical-align: top; line=
-height: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 10px; height: 10px;">&nbsp;</td></t=
r></table><p style=3D"padding: 0px; margin: 10px 0px 20px; font-family: 'IB=
M Plex Sans'; color: #222228; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"><b>
    If you need support on Power System Studies Consulting using Softwares =
like ETAP, DIgSILENT PowerFactory, PSSE, CDEGS and PSCAD.&nbsp;</b></p></td=
></tr></table><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" border=3D"0" width=
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